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SECTION ONE: BASIC PRINCIPLES 1 Incidence of Fractures in Children ...3 Kaye E. Wilkins and Alaric J. Aroojis 2 The Biologic Aspects ofChildren's Fractures ... 21 Cory J. Xian and Bruce K. Foster 3 PainRelief and Related Concerns in Children's Fractures ... 51 Joseph R.Furman 4 Management of the Multiply Injured Child ... 77 Robert M. Kayand Vernon T. Tolo 5 Physeal Injuries and Growth Disturbances ... 99Karl E. Rathjen and John G. Birch 6 Pathologic Fractures Associated withTumors and Unique Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System ... 133 John P.Dormans and John M. Flynn 7 Child Abuse ... 223 Robert M. Campbell, Jrand Timothy Schrader SECTION TWO: UPPER EXTREMITY 8 Fractures andDislocations of the Hand and Carpus in Children ... 257 Scott H. Kozin andPeter M. Waters 9 Fractures of the Distal Radius and Ulna ... 337 PeterM. Waters and Alexander D. Mih 10 Injuries to the Shafts of the Radius andUlna ... 399 Charles T. Mehlman and Eric J. Wall 11 Fractures of theProximal Radius and Ulna ... 443 Robert E. Eilert and Mark A. Erickson12 Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation in Children ... . 491 Jose- F. de laGarza 13 The Elbow Region: General Concepts in the Pediatric Patient ...529 James H. Beaty and James R. Kasser 14 Supracondylar Fractures of theDistal Humerus ... . 543 James R. Kasser and James H. Beaty 15 TheElbow: Physeal Fractures, Apophyseal Injuries of the DistalHumerus,Osteonecrosis of the Trochlea, and T-Condylar Fractures ... 591James H. Beaty and James R. Kasser 16 Dislocations of the Elbow ... 661Anthony A. Stans and Stephen D. Heinrich 17 Proximal Humerus,Scapula, andClavicle ... 703 John F. Sarwark, Erik C. King, and Scott J. LuhmannSECTION THREE: SPINE 18 Cervical Spine Injuries in Children ... 775William C. Warner, Jr and Daniel J. Hedequist 19 Thoracolumbar SpineFractures ... 815 Peter O. Newton SECTION FOUR: LOWER EXTREMITY 20Fractures of the Pelvis ... 833 Roger F. Widmann 21 Fractures andTraumatic Dislocations of the Hip in Children ... . 861 R. Dale Blasierand Laurie O. Hughes 22 Femoral Shaft Fractures ... 893 James R. Kasserand James H. Beaty 23 Extra-Articular Injuries of the Knee ... 937 DavidL. Skaggs 24 Intra-Articular Injuries of the Knee ... 985 Mininder S.Kocher 25 Fractures of the Shaft of the Tibia and Fibula ...1033 StephenD. Heinrich and James F. Mooney III 26 Distal Tibial and Fibular Fractures...1077 R. Jay Cummings 27 Fractures and Dislocations of the Foot . .1129James G. Jarvis and Paul J. Moroz Index ... 1181